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| THE NOK TERRACOTTA |
Welcome to the
Home Page of the Nok Cultural heritage. The cultural heritage of Nok and the Ham People. This is Africa's
number one and most magnicient Art history of anicent Civilization 500BC -200AD. On
this home page we'll be exploring deep and far into the heart of
Nok to meet the Ham/Jaba people and experience the tradition and culture of the Nok Civilization. The
Gallery of the Nok Culture/Display of the different faces of the rich Nok fugurines of ancient civilization. This site is still under development and will subsiquently highlight
important areas on our site.
Where is this place called Nok? The little settlement called Nok village is located in Jaba Local government down in the southern
part of Kaduna State, up in northern Nigeria, which frequently attracts visitors. There is no doubt as to Nok's universal
fame, across the academia and all over the world.
Antiquities from Nok adorn great museums and galleries across the globe in different parts of the world. But despite
the coveted place of Nok history in world culture of first African civilization, the little village in whose honour the
famed artifacts are named remain a rustic hamlet to this day. How
to Get to Nok; Nok
can be reached by road from the southern parts through the Nasarawa State town of Keffi or via Kafanchan, which lies roughly
40km away in Kaduna State. From the Plateau State capital, Jos, it
is a journey to Kafanchan and boarding a Kwoi-bound bus from Kafanchan. Shortly before hitting Kwoi, a right turn
takes one into the Kwoi-Nok-Chori Road. From that junction, the traveller could
get a ride on motorbike taxi to Nok a journey which will last 15 minutes because of poor state of the road actually cut in
two and made impassable for motorists. Many foreign tourists and researchers frequently ply this road. As far as telephone service is concerned, Nok is cut of from the world. With regard to road,
that disconnection takes on a more touching meaning because the major road linking Nok to neighbouring settlements was cut
in two by flood many moons ago.
The Kwoi-Nok-Chori Road, leads through all of Ham land and links these communities to
Kachia, Kafanchan, Zonkwa and other towns. Apart from the major road linking Nok to Kwoi and Kafanchan, the inner parts of
this archaeologists’ haven has nothing of a modern road network .in the real sense of the word.
The first academic institution in Nok is the Local Education Authority (LEA) Primary School. This
elementary School was founded in 1954. The government later took over the school, which was founded by the community.
To date, that school stands on its original site within Ngar-Chichar in eastern Nok. Mr. Nok also has a Customary Court of
Appeal, where judgment is delivered every Thursday, and newer schools, Universal Basic Education Primary School, LEA Sabon
Gari and Government Day Secondary School have also been established.
Fada near Tunga-Nok and Tunga-Zyeh, are all sorroundings
of the Nok village. Local lament that “We are worried. Our culture is facing serious threats and our language
is dying The Origin of the Nok Terracotta/culture; Welcome to Nok, fountain of wealth and unique artifacts. The Nok Culture civilization
was discovered in 1928. The first discoveries was accidentally unearthed at a level of 24 feet in
an alluvial tin mine in the vicinity of the village of Nok in Jaba Local Government in the southern
part of Kaduna state, near the Jos Plateau region which lies in the
central part of Nigeria in west Africa . As a result of natural erosion and deposition, Nok
terracottas were scattered at various depths throughout the Sahel grasslands, causing difficulty in the dating and classification
of the mysterious artifacts. Luckily, two archaeological sites, Samun Dukiya and Taruga, were found containing Nok art that had remained unmoved.
Radiocarbon and thermo-luminescence tests narrowed the sculptures’ age down to between 2000 and 2500 years ago, making
them some of the oldest in West Africa. Because of the
similarities between the two sites, archaeologist Graham Connah believes that "Nok artwork represents a style that was
adopted by a range of iron-using farming societies of varying cultures, disputing the claim of solely being the diagnostic
feature of Nok people.It is however a statement of fact that ,the Nok Terracotta
fugurines earned it’s name due to the Nok civilization that inhabited the area from around 500 BC in the
village of Nok in Jaba Local Government in the southern part of Kaduna state, which
lies in the central part of Nigeria in west Africa . The Nok culture was considered to be the earliest
sub-Saharan producer of life-sized Terracotta. The refinement of this culture is attested to by the image of a Nok dignitary
figurine. Most parts of the terracotta is preserved in the form of scattered fragments. That is why Nok art is well known
today only for the heads, both male and female, whose hairstyles are particularly detailed and refined. The statues are in
fragments because the discoveries are usually made from alluvial mud, in terrain made by the erosion of water. The terracotta
statues found there are hidden, rolled, polished, and broken. Rarely are works of great size conserved intact making them
highly valued on the international art market. The terracotta figures are hollow, coil built, nearly life sized human heads
and bodies that are depicted with highly stylized features, abundant jewellery, and varied postures. Lt-Colonel John Dent-Young, an Englishman, was leading mining operations in the Nigerian village of
Nok. During these operations, one of the miners found a small terracotta of a monkey head. Other finds included a terracotta
human head and a foot. The colonel, at a later date, had these artifacts placed in a museum in Jos. In 1932, a group of 11 statues in perfect condition were discovered near the city of Sokoto. Since
that time, statues coming from the city of Kastina were brought to light. Although there are similarities to the classical
Nok style, the connection between them is not clear yet. Later still, in
1943, near the village of Nok, in the central part of Nigeria, a new series of clay figurines were discovered by accident
during the tin mining activities. A worker had found a head and had taken it back to his home for use as a scarecrow a role
that it filled (successfully) for a year in a yam field. It then drew the attention of the director of the mine who bought
it. He brought it to the city of Jos and showed it to the trainee civil administrator, Bernard Fagg, an Archaeologist who
immediately understood its importance. He asked all of the miners to inform him of all of their discoveries and was able to
amass more than 150 pieces. Afterwards, Bernard and Angela Fagg ordered systematic excavations that revealed many more profitable
lucky findings dispersed over a vast area, much larger than the original site. In 1977, the number of terra cotta objects
discovered in the course of the mining excavation amounted to 153 units, mostly from secondary deposits (the statuettes had
been carted by floods near the valleys) situated in dried-up riverbeds in savanahs in Northern and Central Nigeria (the Southwestern
portion of the Jos Plateau). Later, new discoveries had been found in an increasingly larger area, including the Middle Niger
Valley and the Lower Benue Valley. Some Publications may try to lay false claim to the creation of the Nok civilization such
as one by one Physiologist A. O Olubunmi in his controversial book " The Rise
and Fall of The Yoruba Race. 10,000BC-1960AD", in which he accounts that the Yoruba’s were the creators of Nok
civilization, and the mystery of the disappearance of the Nok civilization is attributed to the disappearance of Yoruba’s
from northern Nigeria due to racial assimilation. This is not a vendetta against to discredit the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria
but it is a fact that, even the regional location of the Yoruba tribe in the far Southwestern part of Nigeria
debunks this correlation and there is no history that related the Ham people of Nok and the Yoruba tribe. While some school of thought may continue to argue
that the cradle of the Nok Terracotta was not standing at one particular site but in a large region.
Since most of the major series of excavations that revealed major density of the figurines that
was discovered near the village of Nok, in the central part of Nigeria were
not properly documented and has since disappeared
to museums around the world hence the argument. According to the view held by one of the prominent Archeologist
who has worked in the archeological sites in Nok. Professor Peter Breunig holds the position that the village of Nok appears
not to be the centre. He submitted that there have been discoveries of a much higher density of archaeological sites and significance of
remains in other regions like Kafanchan or Kagarko.
Nevertheless
Professor Peter Breunig acknowledges the precept of the basic fact of scientific nomenclature. The fact that the Nok Culture
was named according to an internationally accepted scientific model of nomenclature in taxonomy, which is either a hierarchical
classification of things, or the principles underlying the classification. Almost anything, animate objects, inanimate
objects, places, and events, may be classified according to some taxonomic scheme. And this followed the naming of the
entities according to the site of their first discovery and since the first discoveries of the figurines was first discovered
in the vicinity of the Nok site. Hence, the name “the Nok Culture”. Owing to the fact that these figurines
were first discovered in the vicinity of the Nok site one can argue that even the internationally accepted
model of nomenclature ascribes the originality to Nok. Even though there is distribution of the figurines in plateau
state, Benue, Kagarko and up to Kaduna. Professor Peter Breuning maintains that, where the Terracotta complex was born,
is not known. However the fact stands that it was first discovered and named after the village Nok. Hugely historical, archeologists
have found human skeletons, stone tools and rock paintings around this area, not to mention the main act. The inhabitants
of what is now called Nok Village, were known to make some of the oldest and culturally intriguing sculptures found in Africa.
This led to discoveries that the ancient culture of Nok has been around for some
2500 years. An excursion and tourism to the Nok village will intrigue your senses and you will be delighted
to rediscover an amazing group of people culturally and socially. Nok artifacts
include ancient sculptures made from wood, metal and finely fired clay or terra cotta. Art historians say Nok terra cotta
is the earliest known sizable sculpture ever produced in Africa. Archaeologists
agree “Nok culture made the transition to the Iron Age,” and that the traditional occupation of the ancient Nok
was subsistence farming and animal husbandry. But it remains unclear, why the people of ancient Nok set great store by
their coiffure and body embellishments.
Some theories from folk tales have suggested the purposes of these popular
sculptures were used as charms to prevent crop failure, illness and infertility. Nok village is a great place to take your family and be able to learn together
about our world’s amazing past civilization. The Mystery and Difusion of the Nok Terracotta; Apart from southern Kaduna state and south of the Jos Plateau, Nok-type figures were later discovered
in a wide area as far away as the Tiv settlement of Katsina Ala, south of River Benue. Experts say traces of Nok culture are
evident even in the lives of the Bachama people of Numan, in far away Adamawa State and other peoples farther off.
The
Nok culture flourished extensively in northern Nigeria from 500 BC into the early centuries AD. Archaeologists cite furnaces
found at Taruga, which are older than 5, 000 years, as proof that the Nok were the first known workers of iron in this part
of the world. Alongside working with iron, the ancient Nok artisans concurrently used stone implements.
According to
the Encyclopaedia Britannica: “Distinctive features of Nok art include naturalism; stylized treatment of the mouth and
eyes; relative proportions of the human head, body, and feet; distortions of the human facial features; and the treatment
of animal forms Nok is an iron age culture that has been dated between 900 B.C. and 200 A.D. Archaelogical
artifacts have been found in Nigeria, primarily to the north of the Niger-Benue River confluence and below the Jos escarpment. Reliable sources suggest that later developments of Nigerian art produced in such places
as Benin City, Esie, Igbo Ukwu and Ile Ife even throw up certain features of Nok art. The Nok People and the Ham/JabaTribe Districts; Because all of the research done has only centered on the Magnificient
Art work of the Nok Terracotta, nothing has been discussed about the Nok people. This has led to a false conclusion
about the Nok people.Contrary to some school of thoughts that has elluded to the false extinction of the Nok people.
Some literature publications have distored facts about the Nok people and suggested that, the
people of Nok village mysteriously vanished in about 200 AD.This tend to insinuate as though the Nok people were
some kind of dinasours. Even though several research work has been done on Nok and Arhaeologist have travelled
to and met the Nok locals who have told the stories of their ancestors passed on to them on the
origin of the Nok people and the Nok head from from generation to generation. In the same vien distorted
literatures have also laid false claimed not to know what the people of Nok called themselves or
the language they speak. From all empirical evidence of the existence of the Nok people in the present day Nok
village where the original and first Terracotta figurine was found and named after the village called Nok hence
the name "NOK TERRACOTTA" synonymous with "NOK CULTURE" . These evidence without doubt reveals
the fact that the Nok people still exist and have not been extinct as elluded. The people of Nok were known for their extremely advanced social system and were the earliest producers
of life-sized Terracotta in the Sub-Sahara. The Nok Culture is the number one magnificient art and history of African
civilization.The Nok civilization was discovered in 1928 due to tin mining activities at a site in the Nok area
and earned it’s name due to the Nok civilization that inhabited the area from around 500 BC. Further more to dispute
the assertion of non lingual tongue of the people of Nok. Suffice it to say that the Nok people spoke and still speak the
language called Ham otherwise called Jaba which is a language spoken amongs the Ham ethnic groups/ Ham land or Jaba land spread across
different settlement in southern Kaduna and believed to bear common ancestry lineage.The NokTerracotta has
become the symbol of the Ham people also known as Jaba people. Nok is part of Jaba Local Government Area (LGA). The seat of
Jaba local Government Council is Kwoi, which like Nok falls among the numerous settlements in some 21 Districts occupied
by the Ham ethnic group. The Ham nation, straddles four LGAs, Jaba, Jema’a, Kachia and Kagoro in the southern part of
Kaduna states,Nigeria. The Nok Museum and priceless antiquities;
Although the National Commission for Museums and Monuments
(NCMM) maintains an outpost in Nok, locals rued that despite the potential of the place as a major tourist attraction, little
else is there in terms of government presence. For years, various Kaduna State governments had bandied the idea of a proposed
Nok Museum Complex to beef up services at the tiny NCMM station. A Main Museum building, Craft Shop, Snack Bar, Lawn Tennis
Courts and chalets are among facilities the proposed complex would provide.
The project is far from off the ground,
though a Kaduna State Tourism Board source had revealed that the site had been procured, compensation paid, preliminary drawings
ready and part of the site fenced with sprawling complex under construction but no date of completionin sight
Nok Museum boasts 10 archaeological sites. Apart from these 10 official research
fields, Nok Village hosts numerous natural caves. These have been classed as welfare caves, security caves as well as barns,
where the ancient inhabitants stored their grains. Unfortunately, the hazardous state of the access roads made visit to this
unique silo impossible. Twin-barns litter the interior of this cave, which was built by ancient Nok dwellers. Going
by local folklore, “no matter how little their grains stocks were, it served the community throughout the year.
With its exquisite and precious antiquities as well as tales such as this, it is easy to understand why foreign tourists
and scholars flood Nok. Several Archeologist including German researchers, Professor Peter Bronnick and Dr. Nikol Robb have worked
at Nok for a month . The Nok Museum have great potentials endowed
with 10 archaeological sites under Nok, and can easily boasts of the greatest collections of artifacts.”
with the host of a mini-gallery, where priceless antiquities are kept. Contributions &
Abstracts from MAURICE ARCHIBONG's -Daily Sun Publication-
CULTURAL SENSITIZATION
AND EXHIBITION ON NOK CULTURE
THE
KPOP HAM AND THE HAM CHIEFDOMS The "Kpop Ham" Monarch is
the paramount ruler of the Ham nation with other traditional chiefs of the Ham aborogines of Nok, Kwoi, Zshiek( Kurmin Musa)
Dung( Jaban Kogo) Chori, Fai , Ketere, Sambang Gida, Sambang Daji and other settlements across the Ham land in the southern
part of Kaduna State under his chiefdom. The current monarch, Dr. HRHDanladi
Gyet Maude, is the 9th Kpop Ham. The reigning Kpop Ham, HRH (Dr.) Danladi Gyet Maude OON, was enthroned Kpop Ham in 1974 ,36
years ago and his 40th anniversary, as king will coincide with the centenary of ECWA in Kwoi. His longest
reigning predecessor was King Dogo Saghnom, who ruled for 45 years. The throne of Kpop Ham is hereditary but it rotates among
three ruling houses, namely Audu Tiroa, Maude and Saghnom. This trio belongs to the Handuk Clan. According to Dr. Maude, the
premiere Kpop Ham was King Dum Faroa. Successive Ham monarchs operated from Kwoi and the incumbent
king, (Dr)HRH Danladi Gyet Maude OON, also resides in the Kwoi town. Kwoi, is a town in the Ham country . The Kpop Ham is
said to have revealed the meaning of Kwoi to be a sobriquet which is a corrupt form of "Kwain." Even this, is a
short form of "Har-Kwain," which roughly translates as "Community of the united." This is how the people
of ancient Kwoi called themselves, when they were settled at Bitaro, about 5km from their present home. Kwoi is only one of
numerous settlements in the 21 districts that make up Ham country. The Ham land straddles across four local government areas;
Jaba, Jema’a, Kachia and Kagoro. The town Kwoi is acclaimed with the status as the spiritual capital of the Ham nation
because the first Christian white missionary set foot on Kwoi on July 7th , 1910. Kwoi is also the political capital of Jaba
LGA and stands 40km from the Southern Kaduna railway town of Kafanchan and located barely 200 km from the Kaduna State capital.
--Contributions & Abstracts from MAURICE
ARCHIBONG's -Daily Sun Publication- THE HAM TRIBE AND
TRADITION
The Hams are aborigines of Nok, Kwoi, Zshiek( Kurmin Musa) Dung( Jaban Kogo)
Chori, Fai , Ketere, Sambang Gida, Sambang Daji and other Ham settlements in the southern part of Kaduna State. Like many
peoples of northern Nigeria, the Hams, who are neither Hausa nor Fulani, have also adopted the Hausa language as part of their
lingua franca. The Hausa Language is the Language commonly spoken in the Northern region of Nigeria. The Hausa Language to
a greater extend has diluted and adultrated the lingual tongue of the Ham language often mutually intwined or used interchangebly
amongs younger generation that did not grow up with the native ligua franca hence the fading away of the Ham Language. The
extent to which Hausa has permeated Ham culture could be gleaned from the titles of six district heads of Jaba: "Wakili,"
"Wambai," "Tafidan," "Dalhatu" and "Kuyambana." These are all Hausa-Fulani epithets,
threatening the extinction of the indigenous tongue, given the popularity of Hausa among the Ham? The Kpop Ham noted the concern
that "We are trying our best to preserve our language." Part of that effort was the setting up of a Hyam Literacy
Organization (HLO), to help propagate and produce literature in that indigenous tongue, the monarch explained.
Although
the Ham, also called Jaba, do not have a popular textile such as the Igbo "Akwette," "Ukara" (Efik), "Adire"
(Yoruba), "Anger" (Tiv) "Illi ota chi" (Idoma), they have a unique headgear called "Nkara,"
which only the premier Juju priest is allowed to wear. The moment he is pronounced the chief priest, he dons this cap at all
times, except when he is in bed. Along with "Nkara," the chief priest of Jaba also bears the skin of a particular
animal. The type of animal is determined by the community’s last offering to the gods. The hide of that sacrificial
animal was subsequently dressed and preserved for the traditional bishop or "Kpop Ku."Contributions
& Abstracts from MAURICE ARCHIBONG's -Daily Sun Publication-
A
wordlist of the Hyam language of Nok in Central Nigeria and its affinities http://www.rogerblench.info/Language%20data/Niger-Congo/Benue-Congo/Plateau/Hyamic/Hyam/Hyam%20wordlist.pdf
THE
COMING OF CHRISTIANITY TO HAMLAND Coming soon!!! CHRISTIANITY CLASH WITH THE HAM TRADITION /CULTURE Coming soon!!!
The Tuk- Ham Cultural
Festival( Ham Day) Tuk-Ham Cultural festival is an annual event that celebrates the Jaba cultural and
traditional heritage through music, dance and cultural expositions. The festival which was relaunched in 1979 has been celebrated
among the Ham/Jaba people since the 900 AD.
It brings together the best of dance, music, cultural displays,competitions,symposium
and cultural beauty pageants.
The Tuk -Ham Cultural festival itself was celebrated by the Ham community under
theocratic ancestral religion and government dating back to 900 BC to mark the beginning of the farming season and ushering
the HAM new year.
The Festival is in its thirtieth year and has attracted over one million visitors to the Ham community
during that period.
EVENTS:
Cultural troupe competitions –where in
50 traditional dance troupes, groups shall compete for a cash prize. They are usually judged based on their choreography,
costumes and creativity.
• Musical performances- usually features the best and brightest musical talents from
the Ham/Jaba region to showcase as well as entertain the crowd of visitors from ann nooks and cranies within the country
and Tourist from foreign land.
• Annual Ham Awards Ceremony – a forum where Ham sons and daughters are
recognized and rewarded for their contributions to their people and Nigeria as a whole.
• Miss Tir Ham Competition
(beauty Pageant)- this local beauty pageant is open to all daughters of Ham whether resident within or outside Nigeria who
demonstrate the desirable characteristics of a typical Jaba maiden. The finalists are usuall judged by a distinguished
panel of Judges.
• Tuk Ham Symposium- This event
usaually serves as a mini-conference which will draw distinguished speakers from within and outside Nigeria who shall deliver papers on various socio- economic aspects and values of the region and
seeking ways to better the lives of its people • Nok Artifacts and
Arts display- a chance to show case and for tourists to see first hand the spectacular display of ancient artifacts
dating back to 500 BC of African civilization
• Guided tours
to ancient historic sites- usually features the sights and sounds of Ham/ Jaba traditional music.
Jaba Local Government Ginger Farmers The Gurara Dam Link to SOKAD Our Web Archieves listing of Researchers
on Nok Culture and Collection of resources about Nok culture
We are excited that you are visiting our web site which is still under development until
we are able to seek professional expertise that will present a more unique outlook.
      
            
     
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the Nok By Matthias SchulzE:\THE NOK CULTURE ARCHIVE\A Sub-Saharan
Conundrum German Archaeologists Labor to Solve Mystery of the Nok - SPIEGEL ONLINE - News - International.mht - 2500 year-old patient. Nosological study
of a statue of the Nok culture, Nigeria]Nozais JP, Boullier C, Boullier G.MCU-PH, Département de maladies infectieuses
et tropicales, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. - ANCIENT NOK CULTURE TERRACOTTA HEAD. 100 A.D no reserveE:\ancient-nok-culture-terracotta-head-100-a-d-no.htm - Africa, Nigeria, Nok culture Head c 600 BC-250 E:\THE
NOK CULTURE ARCHIVE\Africa, Nigeria, Nok culture Head c 600 BC-250 Artwork Paintings Prints.mht -Nok Head E:\THE NOK CULTURE ARCHIVE\African Art and Culture.mht -Tribal Art - Female Nok terracotta head, Nigeria Ancient civilizations of Africa By G. Mokhtar Nok Sculpture,Nok sculpture
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Nigeria, West Africa
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Gallery of African Art.mht RYANN WILLIS ANCIENT ART, E:\THE NOK CULTURE ARCHIVE\Full
Figure Ryann Willis Ancient African Art.mht Nok culture, Nok civilization
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d'Afrique - Nok - Friends' gallery.mht |
The Nok Culture of Ancient Civilization Jaba Local Government,
Southern Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Nokterracotta@nokculture.com
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